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  • macOS 27에서 Time Machine 백업 중단: Time Capsule과 AFP 해결법

    Mac이 AirPort Time Capsule이나 오래된 NAS에 백업하고 있었다면, macOS 27 Golden Gate를 설치한 뒤로 Time Machine이 백업을 완료하지 못했을 가능성이 높습니다. 이것은 버그가 아니며, 업데이트를 기다려도 해결되지 않습니다. 원본 안내는 MacHabits에서 나왔습니다.

    Golden Gate는 Apple Filing Protocol을 없앴고, 그와 함께 Time Machine의 Time Capsule 지원도 끝났습니다. 아래에서는 무엇이 바뀌었는지, 영향을 받는지 확인하는 방법, 그리고 백업을 다시 돌리는 가장 빠른 방법을 설명합니다. 시작하기 전에 앱 호환성을 확인하고, 운영 체제를 바꾸기 전에 복원할 수 있는 백업을 준비하십시오.

    macOS 27에서 바뀐 것

    AFP는 사라졌습니다. Apple의 원래 파일 공유 프로토콜은 1988년으로 거슬러 올라갑니다. SMB는 2013년 OS X Mavericks에서 Mac의 기본값이 되었고, macOS Big Sur는 2020년에 AFP 서버를 실행하는 기능을 없앴으며, Apple은 macOS Sequoia 15.5에서 AFP 클라이언트를 지원 중단 대상으로 지정했습니다. Golden Gate는 클라이언트를 완전히 제거합니다.

    Time Machine은 이제 최신 SMB를 요구합니다. 네트워크 백업에는 SMBv2 또는 SMBv3가 필요하며, Golden Gate는 TLS 1.2 이상을 포함한 더 엄격한 네트워크 보안을 적용합니다.

    Time Capsule은 두 요건 모두 충족하지 못합니다. 모든 Time Capsule 모델은 AFP와 SMBv1에 의존하므로, 어느 것도 출하 상태 그대로는 Golden Gate의 Time Machine 백업 대상으로 쓸 수 없습니다.

    Apple은 이를 1년 전에 예고했습니다. Tahoe의 Time Machine 설정에는 다음 주요 macOS 버전이 AirPort Disk나 Time Capsule 디스크를 백업용으로 더 이상 지원하지 않는다는 경고가 표시되었습니다. Sequoia에서 바로 업그레이드했거나 경고를 닫았다면 놓치기 쉬웠을 것입니다.

    영향을 받는지 확인하기

    터미널을 열고 다음을 실행합니다.

    tmutil destinationinfo

    백업 대상이 Time Capsule이나 AirPort Disk이거나 URL이 afp://로 시작한다면 영향을 받는 것입니다.

    그런 다음 마지막 백업이 언제 끝났는지 확인합니다.

    tmutil latestbackup

    날짜가 업그레이드 이전이라면 그 이후로는 새 백업이 없었던 것입니다. 이 명령이 올바른 결과를 내려면 터미널에 전체 디스크 접근 권한(시스템 설정 > 개인정보 보호 및 보안 > 전체 디스크 접근)이 필요할 수 있습니다.

    다른 AFP 연결도 잊지 마십시오. Finder에서 이동 > 서버에 연결을 선택해 저장된 afp:// 주소가 있는지 확인합니다.

    중요한 점: 이전 백업은 여전히 남아 있습니다

    Time Capsule에 있는 기존 Time Machine 백업은 그대로 있습니다. 잃은 것은 Golden Gate에서 새 백업을 추가할 수 있는 기능입니다.

    이는 두 가지 상황에서 중요합니다.

    • 업그레이드 이전의 파일을 복원해야 한다면 Tahoe 이하처럼 Time Capsule에 아직 접근할 수 있는 Mac이 필요하거나, Time Capsule의 드라이브에서 백업을 복사해 내야 합니다.
    • 언젠가 Tahoe로 되돌리고 싶다면 업그레이드 이전 백업이 그 Time Capsule에 있습니다. 새 백업 환경에 몇 주 치 기록이 쌓일 때까지 그대로 보존하십시오.

    옵션 1: USB 드라이브(가장 빠르고 저렴)

    Mac 한 대라면 직접 연결한 드라이브가 가장 신뢰할 수 있는 Time Machine 대상이며, 어떤 네트워크 백업보다 빠릅니다.

    1. 백업할 데이터 크기의 약 두 배인 외장 SSD나 하드 디스크를 준비합니다.
    2. 연결한 다음 시스템 설정 > 일반 > Time Machine을 열고 백업 디스크 추가를 클릭합니다.
    3. 드라이브를 선택하고, 묻는다면 지우기를 선택합니다. 백업 암호화는 켜 둡니다.
    4. Mac을 전원에 연결한 채로 첫 백업을 실행합니다. 전체 백업이라 시간이 꽤 걸립니다.

    유일한 단점은 드라이브를 직접 연결해야 한다는 점입니다. 데스크탑 Mac이라면 계속 연결해 두십시오. 노트북이라면 책상에 앉을 때마다 연결하십시오. Time Machine이 자동으로 따라잡습니다.

    옵션 2: SMB를 지원하는 최신 NAS

    Mac 여러 대를 백업하거나, 아무것도 연결하지 않고 백업이 이루어지길 원한다면 SMB를 통한 Time Machine을 지원하는 NAS를 쓰십시오. Synology, QNAP, TerraMaster 등의 최신 모델은 지원합니다.

    기본적인 설정은 제조사가 달라도 비슷합니다.

    1. Time Machine 전용 공유 폴더를 만들고, 백업 전용 사용자 계정도 만듭니다.
    2. SMB를 켜고 최소 프로토콜을 SMB2 이상으로 설정합니다.
    3. NAS에서 AFP를 완전히 끕니다. SMB와 함께 켜 두면 Golden Gate Mac에서 연결 문제가 생긴 적이 있습니다.
    4. 공유 폴더에서 Time Machine 옵션을 켭니다. 흔히 “Bonjour Time Machine broadcast” 또는 “Enable as Time Machine target”이라는 이름으로 표시됩니다.
    5. 공유에 할당량(쿼터)을 설정해 Time Machine이 NAS 전체를 채우지 않게 합니다.
    6. Mac에서 시스템 설정 > 일반 > Time Machine을 열고 백업 디스크 추가를 클릭한 뒤 NAS 공유를 선택합니다.

    NAS가 자동으로 나타나지 않으면 먼저 Finder의 이동 > 서버에 연결에서 smb:// 뒤에 주소를 입력해 연결한 다음 추가하십시오.

    시작하기 전에 NAS 펌웨어를 업데이트하십시오. 오래된 펌웨어는 Golden Gate가 받아들이지 않는 프로토콜 설정을 기본값으로 쓸 수 있습니다.

    옵션 3: 커뮤니티의 Time Capsule 우회 방법

    Time Capsule에 애착이 있다면, Microsoft 엔지니어가 개발한 오픈 소스 프로젝트 TimeCapsuleSMB가 있습니다. 이 프로젝트는 최신 버전의 Samba를 Time Capsule에 직접 설치합니다. 그러면 SMB3로 접근할 수 있고 Finder에도 다시 나타납니다.

    시도하기 전에 장단점을 알아 두십시오.

    • 비공식입니다. Apple은 지원하지 않으며, 기기의 소프트웨어를 수정합니다.
    • Samba 서버를 자동으로 다시 시작하는 것은 5세대 Time Capsule(2013년)뿐입니다. 그보다 오래된 모델은 재시동하거나 정전될 때마다 수동 명령이 필요하며, 누군가 알아차릴 때까지 백업이 조용히 멈출 수 있습니다.
    • 새 백업이 시작됩니다. Time Capsule을 SMB로 전환하면 새로운 Time Machine 백업 체인이 만들어지므로 이전 기록에 이어 붙지 않습니다.
    • 하드웨어가 오래되었습니다. 가장 최신 Time Capsule도 2013년 제품이고, 내부 드라이브는 아마 10년쯤 되었을 것입니다. 믿을 수 없는 백업 장치는 백업이 아닙니다.

    대부분의 사람에게 이 우회 방법은 오래된 Time Capsule을 보조 사본으로 계속 쓸모 있게 하는 합리적인 방법이지, 좋은 주 백업은 아닙니다.

    두 번째 사본 보관하기

    백업을 다시 구축하는 지금이 사본을 둘 이상 두라는 고전적인 조언을 따르기에 좋은 때입니다. 간단한 구성은 다음과 같습니다.

    • Time Machine을 USB 드라이브나 NAS에 설정합니다. 매시간 자동으로 빠르게 복구할 수 있습니다.
    • 두 번째 사본을 다른 곳에 둡니다. Mac과 떨어진 곳에 보관하는 다른 드라이브나 클라우드 백업 서비스입니다.

    Mac을 덮치는 화재, 도난, 서지 전압은 대개 옆에 놓인 드라이브까지 함께 휩쓸어 갑니다. 이 단계의 원본은 macOS 27의 Time Machine, Time Capsule, AFP에 관한 MacHabits 가이드에서 볼 수 있습니다.

    요약

    • Golden Gate는 AFP를 없앴고 네트워크 백업에 TLS 1.2를 쓰는 SMBv2 또는 SMBv3를 요구합니다. Time Capsule은 둘 다 할 수 없습니다.
    • tmutil destinationinfo와 tmutil latestbackup으로 확인합니다.
    • 이전 백업은 여전히 남아 있습니다. 새 환경이 검증될 때까지 보관하십시오.
    • 가장 빠른 해결책은 USB 드라이브입니다. 여러 Mac이라면 AFP를 끈 최신 NAS를 SMB로 쓰십시오.
    • Time Capsule 우회 방법은 작동하지만, 기껏해야 보조 사본으로만 취급하십시오.

    이 변경에 대해 더 보기: MacHabits의 ‘macOS 27 이후의 Time Machine’ 해설.

    출처: https://machabits.info/articles/time-machine-time-capsule-afp-macos-27

  • macOS 27でTime Machineがバックアップしない：Time CapsuleとAFPの対処法

    MacがAirPort Time Capsuleや古いNASにバックアップしていた場合、macOS 27 Golden Gateをインストールしてから、Time Machineがバックアップを完了していない可能性が高いです。これは不具合ではなく、アップデートを待っても解消しません。元になった手順はMacHabitsによるものです。

    Golden GateはApple Filing Protocolを削除し、それに伴ってTime MachineのTime Capsule対応も終了しました。以下では、何が変わったのか、自分が影響を受けているかどうかの確認方法、そしてバックアップを再開するもっとも手早い方法を説明します。始める前に、アプリの互換性を確認し、オペレーティングシステムを変更する前に復元可能なバックアップを用意してください。

    macOS 27で何が変わったのか

    AFPはなくなりました。 Apple独自のファイル共有プロトコルは1988年にさかのぼります。SMBは2013年のOS X MavericksでMacの標準になり、macOS Big Surは2020年にAFPサーバを動かす機能を削除し、AppleはmacOS Sequoia 15.5でAFPクライアントを非推奨にしました。Golden Gateではクライアントが完全に削除されています。

    Time Machineは現在のSMBを必要とします。 ネットワークバックアップにはSMBv2またはSMBv3が必要で、Golden Gateは最低でもTLS 1.2を含む、より厳格なネットワークセキュリティを適用します。

    Time Capsuleはどちらの要件も満たせません。 Time Capsuleはどのモデルも、AFPとSMBv1に依存しています。そのため、どれも出荷時のままでは、Golden GateのTime Machineの保存先として機能しません。

    Appleはこれを1年前から予告していました。Tahoeのバックアップ設定には、次のメジャーバージョンのmacOSではAirPort DiskやTime Capsuleのディスクをバックアップ先としてサポートしなくなるという警告が表示されていました。Sequoiaから直接アップグレードした場合や、警告を閉じてしまった場合は、見逃しやすいでしょう。

    影響を受けているか確認する

    ターミナルを開いて、次を実行します。

    tmutil destinationinfo

    保存先がTime CapsuleまたはAirPort Disk、あるいはURLがafp://で始まる場合は、影響を受けています。

    次に、最後のバックアップがいつ終わったかを確認します。

    tmutil latestbackup

    日付がアップグレード前なら、それ以降は新しいバックアップが取れていません。これらのコマンドが正しく結果を返すには、ターミナルにフルディスクアクセス（システム設定 > プライバシーとセキュリティ > フルディスクアクセス）が必要な場合があります。

    ほかのAFP接続も忘れないでください。Finderで移動 > サーバへ接続を選び、保存されているafp://のアドレスがないか確認します。

    重要なこと：古いバックアップはまだ残っている

    Time Capsule上の既存のTime Machineバックアップは、そのまま残っています。失ったのは、Golden Gateから新しいバックアップを追加する機能です。

    これは次の2つの場面で重要になります。

    • アップグレード前のファイルを復元する必要がある場合、Time Capsuleにまだ接続できるMac（Tahoe以前のMacなど）が必要です。あるいは、Time Capsuleのドライブからバックアップをコピーして取り出す必要があります。
    • Tahoeに戻したくなった場合、アップグレード前のバックアップはそのTime Capsuleにあります。新しいバックアップ環境に数週間分の履歴がたまるまで、そのまま残しておいてください。

    方法1：USBドライブ（もっとも速く、もっとも安い）

    Macが1台なら、直接接続したドライブはもっとも信頼できるTime Machineの保存先で、どのネットワークバックアップよりも速く動作します。

    1. バックアップするデータの約2倍の容量がある外付けSSDまたはハードディスクを用意します。
    2. 接続し、システム設定 > 一般 > Time Machineを開いて、バックアップディスクを追加をクリックします。
    3. ドライブを選び、求められたら消去を選びます。バックアップの暗号化はオンのままにします。
    4. Macを電源につないだまま、最初のバックアップを実行します。完全バックアップなので、時間がかかります。

    唯一の欠点は、ドライブを接続する手間です。デスクトップのMacなら、つないだままにします。ノートなら、机に着いたときに接続します。Time Machineは自動的に追いつきます。

    方法2：SMB対応の新しいNAS

    複数のMacをバックアップする場合や、何も接続せずにバックアップを実行したい場合は、SMB経由のTime Machineに対応したNASを使います。Synology、QNAP、TerraMasterなどの現行モデルが対応しています。

    基本的な設定は、メーカーが違ってもよく似ています。

    1. Time Machine専用の共有フォルダを作成し、バックアップ専用のユーザーアカウントも作ります。
    2. SMBを有効にし、最小プロトコルをSMB2以上に設定します。
    3. NASでAFPを完全にオフにします。 SMBと一緒に有効のままにすると、Golden GateのMacで接続の問題が起きたことがあります。
    4. 共有フォルダでTime Machineのオプションを有効にします。 「Bonjour Time Machine broadcast」や「Enable as Time Machine target」といった名前になっていることが多いです。
    5. 共有に容量の上限（クォータ）を設定し、Time MachineがNAS全体を埋めないようにします。
    6. Macでシステム設定 > 一般 > Time Machineを開き、バックアップディスクを追加をクリックして、NASの共有を選びます。

    NASが自動で表示されない場合は、先にFinderの移動 > サーバへ接続で、smb://に続けてアドレスを入力して接続し、そのあと追加します。

    始める前に、NASのファームウェアを更新してください。古いファームウェアは、Golden Gateが受け付けないプロトコル設定を既定にしていることがあります。

    方法3：コミュニティによるTime Capsuleの回避策

    Time Capsuleに愛着があるなら、Microsoftのエンジニアが開発したTimeCapsuleSMBというオープンソースのプロジェクトがあります。これは、最新版のSambaをTime Capsuleに直接インストールします。これにより、SMB3で接続でき、Finderにも再び表示されます。

    試す前に、トレードオフを知っておいてください。

    • 非公式です。 Appleはサポートしておらず、機器のソフトウェアを書き換えます。
    • Sambaサーバが自動で再起動するのは、第5世代のTime Capsule（2013年）だけです。 それより古いモデルは、再起動や停電のたびに手動でコマンドを実行する必要があり、誰かが気づくまでバックアップが黙って止まることになります。
    • 新しいバックアップが始まります。 Time CapsuleをSMBに切り替えると、新しいTime Machineのバックアップチェーンが作られ、古い履歴には追加されなくなります。
    • ハードウェアが古いです。 最新のTime Capsuleは2013年のもので、内蔵ドライブもおそらく10年前のものです。信頼できないバックアップ機器は、バックアップとは言えません。

    たいていの人にとって、この回避策は、古いTime Capsuleを二次的なコピーとして役立てる妥当な方法ですが、メインのバックアップとしては適していません。

    2つ目のコピーを持つ

    バックアップを作り直すこの機会に、コピーを複数持つという古典的な助言に従うとよいでしょう。簡単な構成は次のとおりです。

    • Time MachineをUSBドライブかNASに設定します。1時間ごとの自動的な高速復元に向いています。
    • 2つ目のコピーを別の場所に置きます。Macから離して保管する別のドライブや、クラウドバックアップサービスです。

    Macを襲う火事、盗難、サージ電流は、たいてい隣に置いたドライブも一緒に巻き込みます。これらの手順の元の版は、macOS 27のTime Machine、Time Capsule、AFPに関するMacHabitsのガイドで確認できます。

    要点

    • Golden GateはAFPを削除し、ネットワークバックアップにTLS 1.2を伴うSMBv2またはSMBv3を要求します。Time Capsuleはどちらもできません。
    • tmutil destinationinfoとtmutil latestbackupで確認します。
    • 古いバックアップはまだ残っています。新しい環境が実績を積むまで保管してください。
    • もっとも手早い対処はUSBドライブ。複数のMacなら、AFPをオフにした新しいNASのSMB経由です。
    • Time Capsuleの回避策は機能しますが、せいぜい二次的なコピーとして扱ってください。

    この変更についてさらに: MacHabitsによる「macOS 27後のTime Machine」の解説。

    出典: https://machabits.info/articles/time-machine-time-capsule-afp-macos-27

  • Time Machine non esegue più il backup dopo macOS 27: soluzione per Time Capsule e AFP

    Se il tuo Mac faceva il backup su una AirPort Time Capsule o su un vecchio NAS, è molto probabile che Time Machine non abbia completato un backup da quando hai installato macOS 27 Golden Gate. Non è un bug, e aspettare un aggiornamento non lo risolverà. La procedura originale arriva da MacHabits.

    Golden Gate ha rimosso l’Apple Filing Protocol e, con esso, il supporto di Time Machine per Time Capsule. Di seguito: cosa è cambiato, come capire se sei interessato e i modi più rapidi per rimettere in funzione i backup. Prima di iniziare, controlla la compatibilità delle tue app e tieni un backup ripristinabile prima di cambiare sistema operativo.

    Cosa è cambiato in macOS 27

    AFP non c’è più. Il protocollo di condivisione file originale di Apple risale al 1988. SMB è diventato il predefinito del Mac in OS X Mavericks nel 2013, macOS Big Sur ha rimosso nel 2020 la possibilità di eseguire un server AFP e Apple ha dichiarato obsoleto il client AFP in macOS Sequoia 15.5. Golden Gate rimuove del tutto il client.

    Time Machine ora richiede un SMB moderno. I backup di rete richiedono SMBv2 o SMBv3, e Golden Gate impone una sicurezza di rete più rigida, con TLS 1.2 come minimo.

    Time Capsule non soddisfa nessuno dei due requisiti. Ogni modello di Time Capsule si affida ad AFP e SMBv1, quindi nessuno può fungere da destinazione di Time Machine per Golden Gate nella sua forma originale.

    Apple lo aveva annunciato con un anno di anticipo: le impostazioni di Time Machine di Tahoe mostravano un avviso che la prossima versione principale di macOS non avrebbe più supportato i dischi AirPort Disk o Time Capsule per i backup. Se hai aggiornato direttamente da Sequoia, o hai ignorato l’avviso, è facile che ti sia sfuggito.

    Controlla se sei interessato

    Apri Terminale ed esegui:

    tmutil destinationinfo

    Sei interessato se la destinazione è una Time Capsule o un AirPort Disk, oppure se il suo URL inizia con afp://.

    Poi controlla quando si è concluso l’ultimo backup:

    tmutil latestbackup

    Se la data è precedente al tuo aggiornamento, da allora non hai avuto nuovi backup. Terminale potrebbe aver bisogno dell’Accesso completo al disco (Impostazioni di Sistema > Privacy e sicurezza > Accesso completo al disco) perché questi comandi riportino il risultato corretto.

    Non dimenticare altre connessioni AFP. Nel Finder scegli Vai > Collegati al server e cerca indirizzi afp:// salvati.

    La cosa importante: i tuoi vecchi backup esistono ancora

    I tuoi backup di Time Machine esistenti sulla Time Capsule sono ancora lì. Quello che hai perso è la possibilità di aggiungerne di nuovi da Golden Gate.

    Questo conta in due situazioni:

    • Se devi ripristinare un file di prima dell’aggiornamento, ti serve un Mac che raggiunga ancora la Time Capsule, come uno con Tahoe o precedente, oppure dovrai copiare il backup fuori dal disco della Time Capsule.
    • Se un giorno vorrai tornare a Tahoe, il tuo backup precedente all’aggiornamento si trova su quella Time Capsule. Tienilo intatto finché il nuovo sistema di backup non avrà qualche settimana di storico.

    Opzione 1: un disco USB (il più rapido ed economico)

    Per un solo Mac, un disco collegato direttamente è la destinazione Time Machine più affidabile che esista, ed è più veloce di qualsiasi backup di rete.

    1. Procurati un SSD esterno o un disco rigido grande circa il doppio dei dati di cui fai il backup.
    2. Collegalo, apri Impostazioni di Sistema > Generali > Time Machine e fai clic su Aggiungi disco di backup.
    3. Seleziona il disco e, se richiesto, scegli di cancellarlo. Lascia attiva la cifratura del backup.
    4. Lascia che il primo backup venga eseguito con il Mac collegato all’alimentazione. Richiede un po’ di tempo, perché è un backup completo.

    L’unico svantaggio è dover collegare il disco. Su un Mac desktop, lascialo collegato in modo permanente. Su un portatile, collegalo ogni volta che sei alla scrivania; Time Machine si mette in pari automaticamente.

    Opzione 2: un NAS moderno tramite SMB

    Se fai il backup di più Mac, o vuoi che i backup avvengano senza collegare nulla, usa un NAS che supporti Time Machine tramite SMB. I modelli attuali di Synology, QNAP, TerraMaster e altri lo fanno.

    La configurazione generale è simile tra le marche:

    1. Crea una cartella condivisa dedicata a Time Machine, più un account utente dedicato ai backup.
    2. Abilita SMB e imposta il protocollo minimo su SMB2 o superiore.
    3. Disattiva completamente AFP sul NAS. Lasciarlo attivo insieme a SMB ha causato problemi di connessione sui Mac con Golden Gate.
    4. Abilita l’opzione Time Machine sulla cartella condivisa, spesso chiamata «Bonjour Time Machine broadcast» o «Enable as Time Machine target».
    5. Imposta una quota sulla condivisione, così Time Machine non riempie l’intero NAS.
    6. Sul Mac, apri Impostazioni di Sistema > Generali > Time Machine, fai clic su Aggiungi disco di backup e seleziona la condivisione del NAS.

    Se il NAS non compare da solo, collegati prima con Finder > Vai > Collegati al server usando smb:// seguito dal suo indirizzo, poi aggiungilo.

    Aggiorna il firmware del NAS prima di iniziare. Un firmware vecchio potrebbe usare come predefinite impostazioni di protocollo che Golden Gate non accetta.

    Opzione 3: la soluzione alternativa della community per Time Capsule

    Se sei affezionato alla tua Time Capsule, un progetto open source chiamato TimeCapsuleSMB, sviluppato da un ingegnere di Microsoft, installa una versione moderna di Samba direttamente sulla Time Capsule. Così torna raggiungibile via SMB3 e visibile nel Finder.

    Conosci i compromessi prima di provare:

    • Non è ufficiale. Apple non lo supporta e modifica il software del dispositivo.
    • Solo la Time Capsule di quinta generazione (2013) riavvia automaticamente il server Samba. I modelli più vecchi richiedono un comando manuale dopo ogni riavvio o interruzione di corrente, il che significa che i backup possono fermarsi in silenzio finché qualcuno se ne accorge.
    • Avvia un nuovo backup. Passare la Time Capsule a SMB crea una nuova catena di backup di Time Machine, quindi non continui ad aggiungere al vecchio storico.
    • L’hardware è vecchio. La Time Capsule più recente è del 2013, e i dischi al suo interno hanno probabilmente una decina d’anni. Un dispositivo di backup di cui non ti puoi fidare non è un backup.

    Per la maggior parte delle persone, la soluzione alternativa è un modo ragionevole per mantenere utile una vecchia Time Capsule come copia secondaria, non un buon backup principale.

    Tieni una seconda copia

    Mentre ricostruisci i backup, è un buon momento per seguire il classico consiglio di avere più di una copia. Una configurazione semplice:

    • Time Machine su un disco USB o NAS, per un ripristino rapido e automatico ogni ora.
    • Una seconda copia altrove: un altro disco che conservi lontano dal Mac, o un servizio di backup nel cloud.

    Un incendio, un furto o una sovratensione che si porta via il tuo Mac di solito si porta via anche il disco accanto. Per la versione originale di questi passaggi, consulta la guida di MacHabits su Time Machine, Time Capsule e AFP in macOS 27.

    In breve

    • Golden Gate ha rimosso AFP e richiede SMBv2 o SMBv3 con TLS 1.2 per i backup di rete. Time Capsule non supporta nessuno dei due.
    • Controlla con tmutil destinationinfo e tmutil latestbackup.
    • I tuoi vecchi backup esistono ancora; tienili finché il nuovo sistema non si è dimostrato affidabile.
    • Soluzione più rapida: un disco USB. Soluzione per più Mac: un NAS moderno tramite SMB con AFP disattivato.
    • La soluzione alternativa per Time Capsule funziona, ma trattala al massimo come una copia secondaria.

    Altro su questo cambiamento: Time Machine dopo macOS 27, spiegato su MacHabits.

    Fonte: https://machabits.info/articles/time-machine-time-capsule-afp-macos-27

  • Time Machine parou de fazer backup após o macOS 27: solução para Time Capsule e AFP

    Se o seu Mac fazia backup em uma AirPort Time Capsule ou em um NAS antigo, é bem provável que o Time Machine não conclua um backup desde que você instalou o macOS 27 Golden Gate. Não é um bug, e esperar uma atualização não vai resolver. O passo a passo original vem do MacHabits.

    O Golden Gate removeu o Apple Filing Protocol e, com ele, o suporte do Time Machine à Time Capsule. A seguir: o que mudou, como saber se você foi afetado e as formas mais rápidas de pôr os backups para funcionar de novo. Antes de começar, confira a compatibilidade dos seus apps e mantenha um backup restaurável antes de mudar de sistema operacional.

    O que mudou no macOS 27

    O AFP acabou. O protocolo original de compartilhamento de arquivos da Apple remonta a 1988. O SMB virou o padrão do Mac no OS X Mavericks, em 2013, o macOS Big Sur removeu em 2020 a possibilidade de executar um servidor AFP e a Apple tornou o cliente AFP obsoleto no macOS Sequoia 15.5. O Golden Gate remove o cliente por completo.

    O Time Machine agora exige um SMB moderno. Backups em rede precisam de SMBv2 ou SMBv3, e o Golden Gate impõe uma segurança de rede mais rígida, incluindo TLS 1.2 como mínimo.

    A Time Capsule não atende a nenhum dos dois requisitos. Todos os modelos de Time Capsule dependem de AFP e SMBv1, então nenhum deles pode servir como destino do Time Machine no Golden Gate em sua forma original.

    A Apple anunciou isso com um ano de antecedência: os ajustes do Time Machine no Tahoe mostravam um aviso de que a próxima versão principal do macOS deixaria de oferecer suporte a discos AirPort Disk ou Time Capsule para backups. Se você atualizou direto do Sequoia, ou dispensou o aviso, é fácil que tenha passado despercebido.

    Confira se você foi afetado

    Abra o Terminal e execute:

    tmutil destinationinfo

    Você é afetado se o destino for uma Time Capsule ou um AirPort Disk, ou se a URL dele começar com afp://.

    Depois confira quando terminou o seu último backup:

    tmutil latestbackup

    Se a data for anterior à sua atualização, você está sem backups novos desde então. O Terminal pode precisar de Acesso Total ao Disco (Ajustes do Sistema > Privacidade e Segurança > Acesso Total ao Disco) para que esses comandos informem corretamente.

    Não esqueça outras conexões AFP. No Finder, escolha Ir > Conectar ao Servidor e procure endereços afp:// salvos.

    O mais importante: seus backups antigos ainda existem

    Seus backups do Time Machine na Time Capsule continuam lá. O que você perdeu foi a capacidade de adicionar novos a partir do Golden Gate.

    Isso importa em duas situações:

    • Se você precisar restaurar um arquivo de antes da atualização, vai precisar de um Mac que ainda alcance a Time Capsule, como um com Tahoe ou anterior, ou copiar o backup para fora do disco da Time Capsule.
    • Se algum dia quiser voltar ao Tahoe, seu backup anterior à atualização está nessa Time Capsule. Mantenha-o intacto até que a nova configuração de backup tenha algumas semanas de histórico.

    Opção 1: um disco USB (o mais rápido e barato)

    Para um único Mac, um disco conectado diretamente é o destino de Time Machine mais confiável que existe, e é mais rápido que qualquer backup em rede.

    1. Consiga um SSD externo ou um disco rígido com cerca do dobro do tamanho dos dados de que você faz backup.
    2. Conecte-o, abra Ajustes do Sistema > Geral > Time Machine e clique em Adicionar Disco de Backup.
    3. Selecione o disco e, se solicitado, escolha apagá-lo. Mantenha a criptografia de backup ativada.
    4. Deixe o primeiro backup rodar com o Mac ligado na tomada. Ele demora um bom tempo, porque é um backup completo.

    A única desvantagem é ter de conectar o disco. Em um Mac de mesa, deixe-o conectado de forma permanente. Em um notebook, conecte-o sempre que estiver na sua mesa; o Time Machine se atualiza sozinho.

    Opção 2: um NAS moderno via SMB

    Se você faz backup de vários Macs, ou quer que os backups aconteçam sem conectar nada, use um NAS que ofereça suporte ao Time Machine via SMB. Os modelos atuais da Synology, QNAP, TerraMaster e outras fabricantes oferecem.

    A configuração geral é parecida entre as marcas:

    1. Crie uma pasta compartilhada dedicada ao Time Machine, além de uma conta de usuário dedicada aos backups.
    2. Ative o SMB e defina o protocolo mínimo como SMB2 ou superior.
    3. Desative o AFP por completo no NAS. Deixá-lo ativado junto com o SMB causou problemas de conexão em Macs com Golden Gate.
    4. Ative a opção do Time Machine na pasta compartilhada, que costuma se chamar “Bonjour Time Machine broadcast” ou “Enable as Time Machine target”.
    5. Defina uma cota no compartilhamento para que o Time Machine não encha o NAS inteiro.
    6. No Mac, abra Ajustes do Sistema > Geral > Time Machine, clique em Adicionar Disco de Backup e selecione o compartilhamento do NAS.

    Se o NAS não aparecer sozinho, conecte-se a ele primeiro por Finder > Ir > Conectar ao Servidor com smb:// seguido do endereço dele e depois adicione-o.

    Atualize o firmware do NAS antes de começar. Firmware antigo pode usar por padrão configurações de protocolo que o Golden Gate não aceita.

    Opção 3: a solução alternativa da comunidade para a Time Capsule

    Se você tem apego à sua Time Capsule, um projeto de código aberto chamado TimeCapsuleSMB, desenvolvido por um engenheiro da Microsoft, instala uma versão moderna do Samba diretamente na Time Capsule. Isso a torna acessível via SMB3 e visível no Finder de novo.

    Conheça as contrapartidas antes de tentar:

    • É não oficial. A Apple não oferece suporte, e ele modifica o software do dispositivo.
    • Só a Time Capsule de quinta geração (2013) reinicia o servidor Samba automaticamente. Modelos mais antigos precisam de um comando manual depois de cada reinicialização ou queda de energia, o que significa que os backups podem parar em silêncio até alguém notar.
    • Ele inicia um novo backup. Mudar a Time Capsule para SMB cria uma nova cadeia de backups do Time Machine, então você não continua somando ao histórico antigo.
    • O hardware é velho. A Time Capsule mais recente é de 2013, e os discos dentro dela provavelmente têm uma década. Um dispositivo de backup em que você não pode confiar não é um backup.

    Para a maioria das pessoas, a solução alternativa é um jeito razoável de manter útil uma Time Capsule velha como cópia secundária, não um bom backup principal.

    Mantenha uma segunda cópia

    Enquanto você reconstrói seus backups, é uma boa hora de seguir o conselho clássico de ter mais de uma cópia. Uma configuração simples:

    • Time Machine em um disco USB ou NAS, para uma recuperação rápida e automática a cada hora.
    • Uma segunda cópia em outro lugar: outro disco que você guarde longe do Mac, ou um serviço de backup na nuvem.

    Um incêndio, um roubo ou uma sobretensão que leve o seu Mac costuma levar também o disco que está ao lado dele. Para a versão original desses passos, consulte o guia do MacHabits sobre Time Machine, Time Capsule e AFP no macOS 27.

    Em resumo

    • O Golden Gate removeu o AFP e exige SMBv2 ou SMBv3 com TLS 1.2 para backups em rede. A Time Capsule não faz nenhum dos dois.
    • Confira com tmutil destinationinfo e tmutil latestbackup.
    • Seus backups antigos ainda existem; mantenha-os até a nova configuração se provar.
    • Solução mais rápida: um disco USB. Solução para vários Macs: um NAS moderno via SMB com o AFP desativado.
    • A solução alternativa para a Time Capsule funciona, mas trate-a, no máximo, como uma cópia secundária.

    Mais sobre esta mudança: Time Machine depois do macOS 27, explicado no MacHabits.

    Fonte: https://machabits.info/articles/time-machine-time-capsule-afp-macos-27

  • Time Machine ne sauvegarde plus après macOS 27 : solution Time Capsule et AFP

    Si votre Mac sauvegardait sur une AirPort Time Capsule ou un ancien NAS, il y a de fortes chances que Time Machine n’ait pas terminé de sauvegarde depuis que vous avez installé macOS 27 Golden Gate. Ce n’est pas un bug, et attendre une mise à jour n’y changera rien. Le pas-à-pas d’origine vient de MacHabits.

    Golden Gate a supprimé l’Apple Filing Protocol et, avec lui, la prise en charge de Time Capsule par Time Machine. Voici ce qui a changé, comment savoir si vous êtes concerné et les moyens les plus rapides de relancer vos sauvegardes. Avant de commencer, vérifiez la compatibilité de vos apps et gardez une sauvegarde restaurable avant de modifier votre système d’exploitation.

    Ce qui a changé dans macOS 27

    AFP a disparu. Le protocole de partage de fichiers d’origine d’Apple remonte à 1988. SMB est devenu le protocole par défaut du Mac dans OS X Mavericks en 2013, macOS Big Sur a supprimé en 2020 la possibilité de faire tourner un serveur AFP, et Apple a déclaré le client AFP obsolète dans macOS Sequoia 15.5. Golden Gate supprime entièrement le client.

    Time Machine exige désormais un SMB moderne. Les sauvegardes réseau nécessitent SMBv2 ou SMBv3, et Golden Gate impose une sécurité réseau plus stricte, avec TLS 1.2 au minimum.

    Time Capsule ne satisfait aucune des deux exigences. Tous les modèles de Time Capsule reposent sur AFP et SMBv1 : aucun ne peut donc servir de destination Time Machine pour Golden Gate dans sa configuration d’origine.

    Apple l’avait annoncé un an à l’avance : les réglages de Time Machine de Tahoe affichaient un avertissement indiquant que la prochaine version majeure de macOS ne prendrait plus en charge les disques AirPort Disk ou Time Capsule pour les sauvegardes. Si vous avez migré directement depuis Sequoia, ou ignoré l’avertissement, il est facile de l’avoir manqué.

    Vérifier si vous êtes concerné

    Ouvrez le Terminal et exécutez :

    tmutil destinationinfo

    Vous êtes concerné si la destination est une Time Capsule ou un AirPort Disk, ou si son URL commence par afp://.

    Vérifiez ensuite quand votre dernière sauvegarde s’est terminée :

    tmutil latestbackup

    Si la date précède votre mise à niveau, vous n’avez eu aucune nouvelle sauvegarde depuis. Le Terminal peut avoir besoin de l’Accès complet au disque (Réglages Système > Confidentialité et sécurité > Accès complet au disque) pour que ces commandes donnent un résultat correct.

    N’oubliez pas les autres connexions AFP. Dans le Finder, choisissez Aller > Se connecter au serveur et cherchez des adresses afp:// enregistrées.

    L’essentiel : vos anciennes sauvegardes existent toujours

    Vos sauvegardes Time Machine existantes sur la Time Capsule sont toujours là. Ce que vous avez perdu, c’est la possibilité d’en ajouter de nouvelles depuis Golden Gate.

    Cela compte dans deux situations :

    • Si vous devez restaurer un fichier d’avant la mise à niveau, il vous faudra un Mac capable d’atteindre encore la Time Capsule, comme un Mac sous Tahoe ou antérieur, ou copier la sauvegarde hors du disque de la Time Capsule.
    • Si vous voulez un jour revenir à Tahoe, votre sauvegarde d’avant la mise à niveau se trouve sur cette Time Capsule. Gardez-la intacte jusqu’à ce que votre nouveau dispositif de sauvegarde compte quelques semaines d’historique.

    Option 1 : un disque USB (le plus rapide, le moins cher)

    Pour un seul Mac, un disque branché directement est la destination Time Machine la plus fiable qui soit, et il bat n’importe quelle sauvegarde réseau en vitesse.

    1. Procurez-vous un SSD externe ou un disque dur d’environ deux fois la taille des données à sauvegarder.
    2. Connectez-le, ouvrez Réglages Système > Général > Time Machine et cliquez sur Ajouter un disque de sauvegarde.
    3. Sélectionnez le disque et, si on vous le demande, choisissez de l’effacer. Laissez le chiffrement des sauvegardes activé.
    4. Laissez la première sauvegarde s’exécuter avec le Mac branché sur le secteur. Elle prend du temps, car c’est une sauvegarde complète.

    Le seul inconvénient est de devoir brancher le disque. Sur un Mac de bureau, laissez-le branché en permanence. Sur un portable, branchez-le dès que vous êtes à votre bureau ; Time Machine rattrape son retard automatiquement.

    Option 2 : un NAS moderne via SMB

    Si vous sauvegardez plusieurs Mac, ou voulez que les sauvegardes se fassent sans rien brancher, utilisez un NAS qui prend en charge Time Machine via SMB. Les modèles actuels de Synology, QNAP, TerraMaster et d’autres le font.

    La configuration générale est similaire d’une marque à l’autre :

    1. Créez un dossier partagé dédié à Time Machine, ainsi qu’un compte utilisateur dédié aux sauvegardes.
    2. Activez SMB et réglez le protocole minimal sur SMB2 ou supérieur.
    3. Désactivez complètement AFP sur le NAS. Le laisser activé à côté de SMB a causé des problèmes de connexion sur des Mac sous Golden Gate.
    4. Activez l’option Time Machine sur le dossier partagé, souvent intitulée « Bonjour Time Machine broadcast » ou « Enable as Time Machine target ».
    5. Définissez un quota sur le partage pour que Time Machine ne remplisse pas tout le NAS.
    6. Sur le Mac, ouvrez Réglages Système > Général > Time Machine, cliquez sur Ajouter un disque de sauvegarde et sélectionnez le partage du NAS.

    Si le NAS n’apparaît pas tout seul, connectez-vous d’abord à lui via Finder > Aller > Se connecter au serveur avec smb:// suivi de son adresse, puis ajoutez-le.

    Mettez à jour le firmware du NAS avant de commencer. Un ancien firmware peut utiliser par défaut des réglages de protocole que Golden Gate n’acceptera pas.

    Option 3 : la solution de contournement de la communauté pour Time Capsule

    Si vous tenez à votre Time Capsule, un projet open source appelé TimeCapsuleSMB, développé par un ingénieur de Microsoft, installe une version moderne de Samba directement sur la Time Capsule. Elle redevient ainsi accessible en SMB3 et visible dans le Finder.

    Connaissez les compromis avant d’essayer :

    • C’est non officiel. Apple ne le prend pas en charge, et cela modifie le logiciel de l’appareil.
    • Seule la Time Capsule de cinquième génération (2013) relance automatiquement le serveur Samba. Les modèles plus anciens exigent une commande manuelle après chaque redémarrage ou coupure de courant, ce qui peut arrêter les sauvegardes sans bruit jusqu’à ce que quelqu’un s’en aperçoive.
    • Cela démarre une nouvelle sauvegarde. Passer la Time Capsule en SMB crée une nouvelle chaîne de sauvegardes Time Machine : vous ne prolongez donc pas votre ancien historique.
    • Le matériel est ancien. La Time Capsule la plus récente date de 2013, et les disques qu’elle contient ont probablement une dizaine d’années. Un appareil de sauvegarde en qui vous ne pouvez pas avoir confiance n’est pas une sauvegarde.

    Pour la plupart des gens, cette solution est un moyen raisonnable de garder utile une vieille Time Capsule comme copie secondaire, pas une bonne sauvegarde principale.

    Gardez une seconde copie

    Pendant que vous reconstruisez vos sauvegardes, c’est le bon moment de suivre le conseil classique : avoir plus d’une copie. Un dispositif simple :

    • Time Machine sur un disque USB ou un NAS, pour une récupération rapide et automatique, heure par heure.
    • Une seconde copie ailleurs : un autre disque que vous rangez loin du Mac, ou un service de sauvegarde dans le cloud.

    Un incendie, un vol ou une surtension qui emporte votre Mac emporte généralement aussi le disque posé à côté. Pour la version d’origine de ces étapes, voyez le guide MacHabits sur Time Machine, Time Capsule et AFP sous macOS 27.

    En bref

    • Golden Gate a supprimé AFP et exige SMBv2 ou SMBv3 avec TLS 1.2 pour les sauvegardes réseau. Time Capsule ne sait faire ni l’un ni l’autre.
    • Vérifiez avec tmutil destinationinfo et tmutil latestbackup.
    • Vos anciennes sauvegardes existent toujours ; gardez-les jusqu’à ce que le nouveau dispositif ait fait ses preuves.
    • Solution la plus rapide : un disque USB. Solution pour plusieurs Mac : un NAS moderne via SMB avec AFP désactivé.
    • La solution de contournement pour Time Capsule fonctionne, mais considérez-la au mieux comme une copie secondaire.

    Pour en savoir plus sur ce changement : Time Machine après macOS 27 : l’explication de MacHabits.

    Source : https://machabits.info/articles/time-machine-time-capsule-afp-macos-27

  • Time Machine sichert nach macOS 27 nicht mehr: Time Capsule und AFP lösen

    Wenn dein Mac auf eine AirPort Time Capsule oder ein älteres NAS gesichert hat, ist die Wahrscheinlichkeit groß, dass Time Machine seit der Installation von macOS 27 Golden Gate kein Backup mehr abgeschlossen hat. Das ist kein Fehler, und auf ein Update zu warten behebt es nicht. Die ursprüngliche Anleitung stammt von MacHabits.

    Golden Gate hat das Apple Filing Protocol entfernt und damit auch die Time-Machine-Unterstützung für Time Capsule. Im Folgenden: was sich geändert hat, wie du erkennst, ob du betroffen bist, und die schnellsten Wege, Backups wieder zum Laufen zu bringen. Prüfe vor dem Start die Kompatibilität deiner Apps und halte ein wiederherstellbares Backup bereit, bevor du dein Betriebssystem änderst.

    Was sich in macOS 27 geändert hat

    AFP ist weg. Apples ursprüngliches Dateifreigabe-Protokoll stammt aus dem Jahr 1988. SMB wurde 2013 in OS X Mavericks zum Standard des Macs, macOS Big Sur entfernte 2020 die Möglichkeit, einen AFP-Server zu betreiben, und Apple stufte den AFP-Client in macOS Sequoia 15.5 als veraltet ein. Golden Gate entfernt den Client vollständig.

    Time Machine verlangt jetzt modernes SMB. Netzwerk-Backups brauchen SMBv2 oder SMBv3, und Golden Gate erzwingt strengere Netzwerksicherheit, darunter TLS 1.2 als Minimum.

    Time Capsule erfüllt keine der beiden Anforderungen. Jedes Time-Capsule-Modell stützt sich auf AFP und SMBv1, daher kann keines im Auslieferungszustand als Time-Machine-Ziel für Golden Gate dienen.

    Apple hat das ein Jahr im Voraus angekündigt: In den Time-Machine-Einstellungen von Tahoe erschien eine Warnung, dass die nächste größere macOS-Version AirPort-Disk- oder Time-Capsule-Laufwerke für Backups nicht mehr unterstützt. Wenn du direkt von Sequoia umgestiegen bist oder die Warnung weggeklickt hast, kann man sie leicht übersehen haben.

    Prüfen, ob du betroffen bist

    Öffne das Terminal und führe aus:

    tmutil destinationinfo

    Du bist betroffen, wenn das Ziel eine Time Capsule oder ein AirPort Disk ist oder wenn seine URL mit afp:// beginnt.

    Prüfe dann, wann dein letztes Backup abgeschlossen wurde:

    tmutil latestbackup

    Liegt das Datum vor deinem Upgrade, gab es seither keine neuen Backups. Möglicherweise braucht das Terminal „Voller Festplattenzugriff“ (Systemeinstellungen > Datenschutz & Sicherheit > Voller Festplattenzugriff), damit diese Befehle korrekt melden.

    Vergiss andere AFP-Verbindungen nicht. Wähle im Finder Gehe zu > Mit Server verbinden und suche nach gespeicherten afp://-Adressen.

    Das Wichtigste: Deine alten Backups gibt es noch

    Deine bestehenden Time-Machine-Backups auf der Time Capsule sind weiterhin vorhanden. Verloren hast du die Möglichkeit, von Golden Gate aus neue hinzuzufügen.

    Das ist in zwei Situationen wichtig:

    • Wenn du eine Datei aus der Zeit vor dem Upgrade wiederherstellen musst, brauchst du einen Mac, der die Time Capsule noch erreicht, etwa einen mit Tahoe oder älter, oder du musst das Backup vom Laufwerk der Time Capsule herunterkopieren.
    • Wenn du je zu Tahoe zurückkehren willst, liegt dein Backup von vor dem Upgrade auf dieser Time Capsule. Lass es unangetastet, bis dein neues Backup-Setup einige Wochen Verlauf hat.

    Option 1: Ein USB-Laufwerk (am schnellsten, am günstigsten)

    Für einen einzelnen Mac ist ein direkt angeschlossenes Laufwerk das zuverlässigste Time-Machine-Ziel, das es gibt, und es ist schneller als jedes Netzwerk-Backup.

    1. Besorge dir eine externe SSD oder Festplatte mit etwa der doppelten Größe der Daten, die du sicherst.
    2. Schließe sie an, öffne Systemeinstellungen > Allgemein > Time Machine und klicke auf Backup-Volume hinzufügen.
    3. Wähle das Laufwerk aus und lass es löschen, wenn danach gefragt wird. Lass die Backup-Verschlüsselung eingeschaltet.
    4. Lass das erste Backup mit am Strom angeschlossenem Mac laufen. Es dauert eine Weile, weil es ein vollständiges Backup ist.

    Der einzige Nachteil ist, dass du das Laufwerk anstecken musst. Bei einem Desktop-Mac lässt du es dauerhaft angeschlossen. Bei einem Notebook steckst du es an, wann immer du am Schreibtisch sitzt; Time Machine holt automatisch auf.

    Option 2: Ein modernes NAS über SMB

    Wenn du mehrere Macs sicherst oder Backups ohne Anstecken ablaufen sollen, nimm ein NAS, das Time Machine über SMB unterstützt. Aktuelle Modelle von Synology, QNAP, TerraMaster und anderen tun das.

    Die grundsätzliche Einrichtung ähnelt sich bei allen Marken:

    1. Lege einen eigenen freigegebenen Ordner für Time Machine an, dazu ein eigenes Benutzerkonto für Backups.
    2. Aktiviere SMB und setze das Mindestprotokoll auf SMB2 oder höher.
    3. Schalte AFP auf dem NAS vollständig aus. Es neben SMB eingeschaltet zu lassen, hat bei Golden-Gate-Macs zu Verbindungsproblemen geführt.
    4. Aktiviere die Time-Machine-Option für den freigegebenen Ordner, oft mit „Bonjour Time Machine broadcast“ oder „Enable as Time Machine target“ bezeichnet.
    5. Setze ein Kontingent für die Freigabe, damit Time Machine nicht das gesamte NAS füllt.
    6. Öffne auf dem Mac Systemeinstellungen > Allgemein > Time Machine, klicke auf Backup-Volume hinzufügen und wähle die NAS-Freigabe aus.

    Erscheint das NAS nicht von selbst, verbinde dich zuerst über Finder > Gehe zu > Mit Server verbinden mit smb:// gefolgt von seiner Adresse und füge es dann hinzu.

    Aktualisiere die NAS-Firmware, bevor du anfängst. Ältere Firmware nutzt womöglich Protokolleinstellungen als Standard, die Golden Gate nicht akzeptiert.

    Option 3: Die Community-Lösung für Time Capsule

    Wenn du an deiner Time Capsule hängst, installiert ein Open-Source-Projekt namens TimeCapsuleSMB, entwickelt von einem Microsoft-Ingenieur, eine moderne Samba-Version direkt auf der Time Capsule. Dadurch ist sie wieder über SMB3 erreichbar und im Finder sichtbar.

    Kenne die Abwägungen, bevor du es versuchst:

    • Es ist inoffiziell. Apple unterstützt es nicht, und es verändert die Software des Geräts.
    • Nur die Time Capsule der fünften Generation (2013) startet den Samba-Server automatisch neu. Ältere Modelle brauchen nach jedem Neustart oder Stromausfall einen manuellen Befehl, wodurch Backups unbemerkt aussetzen können, bis es jemand merkt.
    • Es beginnt ein neues Backup. Die Umstellung der Time Capsule auf SMB legt eine neue Time-Machine-Backup-Kette an, du setzt also deinen alten Verlauf nicht fort.
    • Die Hardware ist alt. Die neueste Time Capsule stammt von 2013, und die Laufwerke darin sind vermutlich ein Jahrzehnt alt. Ein Backup-Gerät, dem du nicht vertrauen kannst, ist kein Backup.

    Für die meisten ist die Lösung ein vernünftiger Weg, eine alte Time Capsule als Zweitkopie nützlich zu halten, aber kein gutes primäres Backup.

    Eine zweite Kopie aufbewahren

    Während du deine Backups neu aufbaust, ist es ein guter Zeitpunkt, dem klassischen Rat zu folgen, mehr als eine Kopie zu haben. Ein einfaches Setup:

    • Time Machine auf ein USB-Laufwerk oder NAS, für schnelle, automatische stündliche Wiederherstellung.
    • Eine zweite Kopie an einem anderen Ort: ein weiteres Laufwerk, das du getrennt vom Mac aufbewahrst, oder ein Cloud-Backup-Dienst.

    Ein Brand, ein Diebstahl oder eine Überspannung, die deinen Mac erwischt, erwischt meist auch das Laufwerk daneben. Die ursprüngliche Schritt-für-Schritt-Fassung findest du im MacHabits-Leitfaden zu Time Machine, Time Capsule und AFP unter macOS 27.

    Kurz gefasst

    • Golden Gate hat AFP entfernt und verlangt für Netzwerk-Backups SMBv2 oder SMBv3 mit TLS 1.2. Time Capsule erfüllt beides nicht.
    • Prüfe mit tmutil destinationinfo und tmutil latestbackup.
    • Deine alten Backups gibt es noch; behalte sie, bis das neue Setup sich bewährt hat.
    • Schnellste Lösung: ein USB-Laufwerk. Lösung für mehrere Macs: ein modernes NAS über SMB mit ausgeschaltetem AFP.
    • Die Time-Capsule-Lösung funktioniert, behandle sie aber bestenfalls als Zweitkopie.

    Mehr zu dieser Änderung: Time Machine nach macOS 27, erklärt bei MacHabits.

    Quelle: https://machabits.info/articles/time-machine-time-capsule-afp-macos-27

  • Time Machine dejó de hacer copias tras macOS 27: solución para Time Capsule y AFP

    Si tu Mac hacía copias en una AirPort Time Capsule o en un NAS antiguo, es muy probable que Time Machine no haya completado una copia desde que instalaste macOS 27 Golden Gate. No es un error y esperar una actualización no lo arreglará. El recorrido original viene de MacHabits.

    Golden Gate eliminó el Apple Filing Protocol y, con él, la compatibilidad de Time Machine con Time Capsule. A continuación: qué ha cambiado, cómo saber si te afecta y las formas más rápidas de volver a tener copias en marcha. Antes de empezar, comprueba la compatibilidad de tus apps y conserva una copia de seguridad restaurable antes de cambiar de sistema operativo.

    Qué ha cambiado en macOS 27

    AFP ha desaparecido. El protocolo original de Apple para compartir archivos se remonta a 1988. SMB pasó a ser el predeterminado del Mac en OS X Mavericks en 2013, macOS Big Sur eliminó en 2020 la posibilidad de ejecutar un servidor AFP y Apple declaró obsoleto el cliente AFP en macOS Sequoia 15.5. Golden Gate elimina el cliente por completo.

    Time Machine ahora exige un SMB moderno. Las copias en red necesitan SMBv2 o SMBv3, y Golden Gate aplica una seguridad de red más estricta, con TLS 1.2 como mínimo.

    Time Capsule no cumple ninguno de los dos requisitos. Todos los modelos de Time Capsule dependen de AFP y SMBv1, así que ninguno puede servir como destino de Time Machine para Golden Gate en su estado original.

    Apple lo anunció con un año de antelación: los ajustes de Time Machine de Tahoe mostraban un aviso de que la próxima versión principal de macOS dejaría de admitir discos AirPort Disk o Time Capsule para copias de seguridad. Si actualizaste directamente desde Sequoia, o descartaste el aviso, es fácil que se te pasara.

    Comprueba si te afecta

    Abre Terminal y ejecuta:

    tmutil destinationinfo

    Te afecta si el destino es una Time Capsule o un AirPort Disk, o si su URL empieza por afp://.

    Después comprueba cuándo terminó tu última copia:

    tmutil latestbackup

    Si la fecha es anterior a tu actualización, no has tenido copias nuevas desde entonces. Puede que Terminal necesite Acceso total al disco (Ajustes del Sistema > Privacidad y seguridad > Acceso total al disco) para que estos comandos informen correctamente.

    No olvides otras conexiones AFP. En el Finder, elige Ir > Conectarse al servidor y busca direcciones afp:// guardadas.

    Lo importante: tus copias antiguas siguen existiendo

    Tus copias de Time Machine existentes en la Time Capsule siguen ahí. Lo que has perdido es la capacidad de añadir otras nuevas desde Golden Gate.

    Eso importa en dos situaciones:

    • Si necesitas restaurar un archivo de antes de la actualización, necesitarás un Mac que todavía pueda llegar a la Time Capsule, como uno con Tahoe o anterior, o tendrás que copiar la copia de seguridad fuera del disco de la Time Capsule.
    • Si alguna vez quieres volver a Tahoe, tu copia previa a la actualización está en esa Time Capsule. Mantenla intacta hasta que tu nueva configuración de copias acumule unas semanas de historial.

    Opción 1: un disco USB (la más rápida y barata)

    Para un solo Mac, un disco conectado directamente es el destino de Time Machine más fiable que existe, y supera en velocidad a cualquier copia en red.

    1. Consigue un SSD externo o un disco duro de aproximadamente el doble del tamaño de los datos que copias.
    2. Conéctalo, abre Ajustes del Sistema > General > Time Machine y haz clic en Añadir disco de copia de seguridad.
    3. Selecciona el disco y, si te lo pide, elige borrarlo. Deja activado el cifrado de la copia.
    4. Deja que la primera copia se ejecute con el Mac enchufado. Tarda un buen rato, porque es una copia completa.

    El único inconveniente es tener que conectar el disco. En un Mac de escritorio, déjalo conectado de forma permanente. En un portátil, conéctalo siempre que estés en tu mesa; Time Machine se pone al día automáticamente.

    Opción 2: un NAS moderno mediante SMB

    Si haces copias de varios Mac, o quieres que las copias se hagan sin conectar nada, usa un NAS que admita Time Machine mediante SMB. Los modelos actuales de Synology, QNAP, TerraMaster y otros lo hacen.

    La configuración general es parecida en todas las marcas:

    1. Crea una carpeta compartida dedicada para Time Machine, además de una cuenta de usuario dedicada para las copias.
    2. Activa SMB y fija el protocolo mínimo en SMB2 o superior.
    3. Desactiva AFP por completo en el NAS. Dejarlo activado junto a SMB ha causado problemas de conexión en Mac con Golden Gate.
    4. Activa la opción de Time Machine en la carpeta compartida, que suele llamarse «Bonjour Time Machine broadcast» o «Enable as Time Machine target».
    5. Fija una cuota en el recurso compartido para que Time Machine no llene todo el NAS.
    6. En el Mac, abre Ajustes del Sistema > General > Time Machine, haz clic en Añadir disco de copia de seguridad y selecciona el recurso compartido del NAS.

    Si el NAS no aparece por sí solo, conéctate primero a él desde Finder > Ir > Conectarse al servidor con smb:// seguido de su dirección, y luego añádelo.

    Actualiza el firmware del NAS antes de empezar. Un firmware antiguo puede usar por defecto ajustes de protocolo que Golden Gate no aceptará.

    Opción 3: la solución alternativa de la comunidad para Time Capsule

    Si le tienes cariño a tu Time Capsule, un proyecto de código abierto llamado TimeCapsuleSMB, desarrollado por un ingeniero de Microsoft, instala una versión moderna de Samba directamente en la Time Capsule. Eso la hace accesible mediante SMB3 y la vuelve a mostrar en el Finder.

    Conoce las contrapartidas antes de probarlo:

    • No es oficial. Apple no lo respalda y modifica el software del dispositivo.
    • Solo la Time Capsule de quinta generación (2013) reinicia el servidor Samba automáticamente. Los modelos anteriores necesitan un comando manual tras cada reinicio o corte de corriente, lo que significa que las copias pueden detenerse sin ruido hasta que alguien lo note.
    • Inicia una copia nueva. Cambiar la Time Capsule a SMB crea una nueva cadena de copias de Time Machine, así que no sigues añadiendo a tu historial anterior.
    • El hardware es viejo. La Time Capsule más reciente es de 2013 y los discos de su interior probablemente tienen una década. Un dispositivo de copia en el que no puedes confiar no es una copia de seguridad.

    Para la mayoría de la gente, la solución alternativa es una forma razonable de mantener útil una Time Capsule vieja como copia secundaria, no una buena copia principal.

    Guarda una segunda copia

    Mientras reconstruyes tus copias, es buen momento para seguir el consejo clásico de tener más de una. Una configuración sencilla:

    • Time Machine en un disco USB o NAS, para una recuperación rápida y automática cada hora.
    • Una segunda copia en otro lugar: otro disco que guardes lejos del Mac, o un servicio de copia en la nube.

    Un incendio, un robo o una sobretensión que se lleve tu Mac suele llevarse también el disco que tiene al lado. Para ver la versión original de estos pasos, consulta la guía de MacHabits sobre Time Machine, Time Capsule y AFP en macOS 27.

    La versión corta

    • Golden Gate eliminó AFP y exige SMBv2 o SMBv3 con TLS 1.2 para las copias en red. Time Capsule no cumple ninguno de los dos.
    • Comprueba con tmutil destinationinfo y tmutil latestbackup.
    • Tus copias antiguas siguen existiendo; consérvalas hasta que la nueva configuración demuestre su valía.
    • Solución más rápida: un disco USB. Solución para varios Mac: un NAS moderno mediante SMB con AFP desactivado.
    • La solución alternativa para Time Capsule funciona, pero trátala como mucho como una copia secundaria.

    Más sobre este cambio: Time Machine tras macOS 27, explicado en MacHabits.

    Fuente: https://machabits.info/articles/time-machine-time-capsule-afp-macos-27

  • Time Machine stopped backing up after macOS 27: Time Capsule and AFP fix

    If your Mac backed up to an AirPort Time Capsule or an older NAS, there’s a good chance Time Machine hasn’t finished a backup since you installed macOS 27 Golden Gate. This isn’t a bug, and waiting for an update won’t fix it. The original walkthrough comes from MacHabits.

    Golden Gate removed the Apple Filing Protocol and, with it, Time Machine support for Time Capsule. Below: what changed, how to tell whether you’re affected, and the quickest ways to get backups running again. Before you start, check app compatibility and keep a restorable backup before changing your operating system.

    What changed in macOS 27

    AFP is gone. Apple’s original file-sharing protocol dates back to 1988. SMB became the Mac’s default in OS X Mavericks in 2013, macOS Big Sur removed the ability to run an AFP server in 2020, and Apple deprecated the AFP client in macOS Sequoia 15.5. Golden Gate removes the client entirely.

    Time Machine now requires modern SMB. Network backups need SMBv2 or SMBv3, and Golden Gate enforces stricter network security, including TLS 1.2 as a minimum.

    Time Capsule can’t meet either requirement. Every Time Capsule model relies on AFP and SMBv1, so none of them can serve as a Time Machine destination for Golden Gate in stock form.

    Apple announced this a year ahead: Tahoe’s Time Machine settings showed a warning that the next major macOS version would no longer support AirPort Disk or Time Capsule disks for backups. If you upgraded straight from Sequoia, or dismissed the warning, it’s easy to have missed.

    Check whether you’re affected

    Open Terminal and run:

    tmutil destinationinfo

    You’re affected if the destination is a Time Capsule or AirPort Disk, or if its URL starts with afp://.

    Then check when your last backup finished:

    tmutil latestbackup

    If the date is before your upgrade, you’ve had no new backups since. Terminal may need Full Disk Access (System Settings > Privacy & Security > Full Disk Access) for these commands to report correctly.

    Don’t forget other AFP connections. In Finder, choose Go > Connect to Server and look for saved afp:// addresses.

    The important part: your old backups still exist

    Your existing Time Machine backups on the Time Capsule are still there. What you’ve lost is the ability to add new ones from Golden Gate.

    That matters in two situations:

    • If you need to restore a file from before the upgrade, you’ll need a Mac that can still reach the Time Capsule, such as one on Tahoe or earlier, or you’ll have to copy the backup off the Time Capsule’s drive.
    • If you ever want to roll back to Tahoe, your pre-upgrade backup lives on that Time Capsule. Keep it intact until your new backup setup has a few weeks of history.

    Option 1: A USB drive (fastest, cheapest)

    For a single Mac, a directly connected drive is the most reliable Time Machine destination there is, and it beats any network backup for speed.

    1. Get an external SSD or hard drive about twice the size of the data you’re backing up.
    2. Connect it, open System Settings > General > Time Machine and click Add Backup Disk.
    3. Select the drive and, if asked, choose to erase it. Keep backup encryption on.
    4. Let the first backup run with the Mac plugged in. It takes a while, because it’s a full backup.

    The only downside is having to plug the drive in. On a desktop Mac, leave it connected permanently. On a laptop, plug it in whenever you’re at your desk; Time Machine catches up automatically.

    Option 2: A modern NAS over SMB

    If you back up several Macs, or want backups to happen without plugging anything in, use a NAS that supports Time Machine over SMB. Current models from Synology, QNAP, TerraMaster and others do.

    The general setup is similar across brands:

    1. Create a dedicated shared folder for Time Machine, plus a dedicated user account for backups.
    2. Enable SMB and set the minimum protocol to SMB2 or higher.
    3. Turn AFP off completely on the NAS. Leaving it on alongside SMB has caused connection problems for Golden Gate Macs.
    4. Enable the Time Machine option on the shared folder, often labeled “Bonjour Time Machine broadcast” or “Enable as Time Machine target.”
    5. Set a quota on the share so Time Machine doesn’t fill the whole NAS.
    6. On the Mac, open System Settings > General > Time Machine, click Add Backup Disk and select the NAS share.

    If the NAS doesn’t show up by itself, first connect to it through Finder > Go > Connect to Server with smb:// followed by its address, then add it.

    Update the NAS firmware before you start. Older firmware may default to protocol settings that Golden Gate won’t accept.

    Option 3: The community Time Capsule workaround

    If you’re attached to your Time Capsule, an open-source project called TimeCapsuleSMB, developed by a Microsoft engineer, installs a modern version of Samba directly on the Time Capsule. That makes it reachable over SMB3 and visible in Finder again.

    Know the trade-offs before you try it:

    • It’s unofficial. Apple doesn’t support it, and it modifies the device’s software.
    • Only the fifth-generation Time Capsule (2013) restarts the Samba server automatically. Older models need a manual command after every restart or power cut, which means backups can quietly stop until someone notices.
    • It starts a new backup. Switching the Time Capsule to SMB creates a new Time Machine backup chain, so you don’t keep adding to your old history.
    • The hardware is old. The newest Time Capsule dates from 2013, and the drives inside are probably a decade old. A backup device you can’t trust isn’t a backup.

    For most people, the workaround is a reasonable way to keep an old Time Capsule useful as a secondary copy, not a good primary backup.

    Keep a second copy

    While you’re rebuilding your backups, it’s a good moment to follow the classic advice of keeping more than one copy. A simple setup:

    • Time Machine to a USB drive or NAS, for fast, automatic hourly recovery.
    • A second copy somewhere else: another drive that you store away from the Mac, or a cloud backup service.

    A fire, a theft or a power surge that takes out your Mac usually takes out the drive next to it too. For the original step-by-step version, see the MacHabits guide to Time Machine, Time Capsule and AFP on macOS 27.

    The short version

    • Golden Gate removed AFP and requires SMBv2 or SMBv3 with TLS 1.2 for network backups. Time Capsule can’t do either.
    • Check with tmutil destinationinfo and tmutil latestbackup.
    • Your old backups still exist; keep them until the new setup has proven itself.
    • Fastest fix: a USB drive. Fix for several Macs: a modern NAS over SMB with AFP turned off.
    • The Time Capsule workaround works, but treat it as a secondary copy at best.

    More on this change: Time Machine after macOS 27, explained on MacHabits.

    Source: https://machabits.info/articles/time-machine-time-capsule-afp-macos-27

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